Impact of Fairy Tales -Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Fairy Tales on the Childrens. Answer: Cinderella is a folk tale, which embodies the injustice done on a girl and her eventual triumph against her oppressors. The story of Cinderella was chosen because this situation is relevant in the modern World and as a result, the story of Cinderella is highly effective in defining the current situation of women in society (Dhahir 2014). In English folklore, the word Cinderella means one who is unrecognized or one who achieves recognition after considerable neglect (Studyres.com, 2017). The story of Cinderella revolves around the story of a motherless girl living with her father. But, after sometime her father marries another woman having two daughters. The stepmother and her daughters were very selfish and abused Cinderella. Cinderella was made to work day and night. One day the Prince invites all the ladies of the region to a royal ball, where he will choose his future bride. Cinderellas stepmother and her stepsisters attend the ball leaving Cinderella alone in the house. However, the wish of Cinderella to attend the royal ball comes true as her fairy godmother appears in front of her and tells her that she will fulfill all her wishes. By the use of her magical powers, the fairy godmother transforms Cinderella in a beautiful princess with royal clothing. However, the most important feature of her look was her glass slippers. At the royal ball, everyone is mesmerized by the appearance of Cinderella even the prince. However, in this process Cinderella loses the track of time and when the clock struck twelve midnight, she suddenly came to understand that the effects of the magic will be over. In a hurry to go back to her house she loses one of her glass slippers, which is eventually found by the prince. Finally, the prince finds Cinderella and marries her. Her stepfamily pleads for mercy and Cinderella forgives them. The moral of the story is that beauty although important but is not long lasting, it is graciousness, kindness and sympathy, which are priceless. The important messages or themes of Cinderella are : women and feminity, wealth, supernatural powers and good versus evil. The power of the feminity and beauty of women has been strongly emphasized in the story. Wealth plays a very important role as the step-mother marries her father due to his wealth and also wanted her daughters to get married to the prince. Supernatural theme is because of the concept of fairy godmother and ultimately the triumph of good compared to evil at the end (Kim 2015). The target audience for Cinderella are kids of both sex and age groups of 2-10 years. The target audience are kids of urban areas like cities, where there is a huge impact of technology and internet. In the age of the internet and comics culture, it is necessary for kids to learn the values of kindness, sympathy and forgiveness from fairy tales like Cinderella. The overall intention of my project is to instill among the children the concept of sympathy, kindness. Moreover, at a young age they will understand the importance of respecting women in their house and the society in general. They will also understand the fact that it is unacceptable to bully or abuse someone (Doyle and Timms 2014). Reference List Dhahir, S., 2014. Turning Oppression into Challenges: Women in Badriyya l-Birs Hind wa-l-?askar.Arabica,61(1-2), pp.69-88. Doyle, C. and Timms, C., 2014.Child Neglect and Emotional Abuse: Understanding, Assessment and Response. Sage. Kim, J.H., 2015. Cinderella: The Study of Cross-Cultural Encounters in Pre-Modern Societies. Studyres.com (2017).Cinderella Synopsis. [online] Studyres.com. Available at: https://studyres.com/doc/7983997/cinderella-synopsis [Accessed 21 Nov. 2017].

Live Sound Essay Example

Live Sound Essay The role of an audio engineer is no longer exclusive to the recording studio. The skill set of a modern engineer extends to video, radio, graphics and many more. One of the key growth areas for ? nding employment opportunities in the sector, is that of live sound engineering. The theory of live sound is one which combines the two things present in most musical engineering, technical ability and intuition. Each one is as important as the other, a live sound engineer has to be able to be a master of both their equipment/set up, and of the live sound mix which can differ vastly from an in studio mix, applying different techniques and principles. At the core of the live sound set up are 2 things, the mixing desk and the speaker system/rig. The applications of the mixing desk in a live situation show many differences compared to its use in a studio, even in the earliest stages such as choosing the type of desk! For instance, in most instances a live engineer would lean towards using a digital mixing desk as apposed to the generally more desired analogue desk in the studio situation. One of the prime reasons for this is that a digital desk can contain audio processing equipment within its interface, such as gating and compression. These are available at the touch of a button, as apposed to the outboard equipment used in a studio. This feature can help save valuable time when mixing a live event, this example shows one of many advantages of using a digital desk for live. Live in Cotgrave ’ An image capturing the digital yamaha desk, courtesy of Merlin PA’s live sound engineers. [1] As well as there being 2 types of mixing desks, in the live sound sector there are 2 main uses for a desk. The most obvious is for bringing all the signals to the main speakers and creating the mix, this is known as front of house (FOH). The other is for stage monitoring, creating a mix or separate mi xes for the musicians particular taste(s). At bigger events, often there re 2 desks in play, one for the front of house and one speci? cally for the on stage monitoring. EM LIVE LOUNGE FOH mixers Front of house mixers usually come with a set number of input channels; 12, 16, 24, 32, 40 and 48 channels are what is usually found, specialized mixers used for bigger rigs can be sizably larger. The use of this large number of channels can range from the close micing of a drum kit and guitar amps, to the music used between acts and pre recorded tracks used in a set. We will write a custom essay sample on Live Sound specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Live Sound specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Live Sound specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Another use for having so many channels is if a show with many acts on the bill is taking place, and bands settings need to be set. However, with the advancement of digital desks with recall systems and ? ying fades, needing to manually save a live mix has almost become a thing of the past. The features on a mixing console vary with the expense of the desk, but the regular features include: Input sockets (typically XLRs for mic and DI signals) Phantom power, phase inversion (important for sorting out phase issues in a live mix, especially is the mix contains identical signals, e. . the mix and line signals from a bass guitar) Pad (reduces the signal by a set amount, typically -10db, this is useful for controlling over loud signals, such as a over eager guitarists amp) Gain control (to set each signal at a sensible level before mixing) Equalisation (this comes on all desks, both live and studio based, however in live the tendency is to use an external graphic Eq in order to metic ulously notch out those problem frequencies) High and Low pass ? ters Panning Auxiliary send (used for effects and vastly used later for the monitor desks One feature of most, if not all desks, that is utilised greatly in live sound are the sub group faders. This means that once a sub mix (e. g. the drum kit) is mixed, the faders can be assigned to a sub group with a singular fader to bring the whole mixed up or down as one. This is a great time saving device when mixing on your feet! Also on more sophisticated desks, other groups such as solo and mute groups are present so certain parts can be muted together if needs be. ELECTRIC MAYHEM: LIVE LOUNGE Pictures from group E1’s live lounge session recording .1 Setting up the drums . 2 Crate guitar amp FOH Monitor mixing desks Monitor Mixes. In a smaller set up, the monitor mixes are usually done from using the Aux sends. This will work but there are not usually enough of these to create a .3 Neve VR analogue ! mixing desk [2] â€Å"THE MONITOR SET UP IS MORE PRONE TO FEEDBACK.. .. so several types of eq may be used† ‘live sound manual’ comprehensive monitor mix, this is generally because if there are 4 aux’s on a small desk, 3 and 4 will be dedicated to using effects, and therefore will be set as ‘post-fader’. Whilst there are many large scale gigs around, so the majority of mixers manufactured and sold are of a budget and mid ranged level. Therefore dedicated monit or desks are quite rare. Because the application of these desks are different, they obviously have difference features. One thing to note is that they contain many auxiliary sends, enough to house one mix for musician, there are also many groups, usually ranging from 8 to 24. Extra out board equipment a multi-band compressor in action each As well as these advanced features, monitor mixes also contain many controls identical so the FOH desks, thought they can still often be used in a different manner. These features include: Phantom power, PFL/AFL, FX sends and returns (used for effects such as ‘vanity’ reverb), and of course, Eq. On monitor set ups, Eq are used more because it is more prone to feedback, being closer to the microphones on stage. Power amps These are essential to a live sound set up, they work as power converters as the signals in the PA up to the point of the power amps are too ‘lightweight’ in current and voltage for the speaker system to recognize and the sound to be loud enough for a gig. They work the same way as pre-amps in the actual mixing desk. The way a power amp works is that the currents signal ‘swing’ increased to raise it to the optimum level for the speakers, and ampli? ers voltage swing can be elevated by between 10 and 50 times (compared to the line levels which can be as low as 2 volts). Power amps have many classes (A through to H) and generally come with balanced XLR inputs. Signal Effects Processing Processes to effect the live sound signals come both internally in the mixing desk and also as outboard equipment. This is usually referred as the FX rack. These effects can used to control, clean up, blend and add to a live mix, including compression, gating, reverbs, equalisation and delay, these processors are connected to the desk using auxiliary sends or channel inserts [3] â€Å"Gating can clean up the FOH sound, stopping unnecessary spil . † ‘live sound manual’ EQ This comes in different, versatile forms. From the simple 3-band eq’s found on budget mixing desks with hi, mid and low eq pots, to the more elaborate forms such as graphic and parametric. Graphic equalisation is generally found when using monitors, this is because, due to the fact that monitors are near to, and have so many mics pointing towards them, the eq needs to be ve ry advanced in order to notch out those problem frequen- AN EXAMPLE OF MERLIN PA’S SET-UP IN ACTION! enough to give quick access. cies. It is called a graphic eq because the notches used give u an accurate representation of the curve that is formed when changing the frequencies, they generally have 28 to 31 bands. GEQs are usually outboard equipment, as they need to be big Parametric equalisation is the most powerful form of Eq. This is because not only will it allow an engineer to notch out those pesky problem frequencies, but because it contains a ‘Q’ control, this helps control the spread of a frequency peak, this means that one is able to precisely effect the narrowest of areas if needs be. Now that most desks used in live are digital, any engineers now use the built-in equalisation features that come with the more high end models. These are usually coupled with a digital representation of the Eq. The advantages of using digital as apposed to G and PEQs are that the eq’s can in theory be perfectly matched channel by channel, and these settings can be saved in an internal system. Also, in higher end systems, one is able to see a visual of the sound coming through the channel, therefore seeing which problem frequencies to notch out and how they are being affected in real time. Effects such as reverb and delay can be found as both internal, and outboard equipment. These are essential to create a cohesive mix and comes even in most budget mixers big enough to put on a gig. It can add different kinds of space to a mix, pushing instruments back and forward in a mix, and generally blending the sounds together as a whole, especially in outdoor events, where there is nothing for the sound to bounce off. Reverb is generally coupled with some kind of Eq on an Aux send channel, this can help to brighten the sound of a room arti? cially. Delay, or echo, has been used in different forms in live sound since rock n roll slap-back in the mid 50s. It has since been used on almost everything to create its own sense of space and ambience. Most delays, be it outboard or internal, runs once again through an aux send, and comes with features like delay time, decay and usually a tap tempo button to adjust the speed. Gates compressors these are essential in a live sound set up. Gates help to cut out spill on ‘single hit’ channels such as the snare and sometimes backing vocals, this helps cutout spill which could otherwise make a mix seem ‘muddy’. They work by setting a volume threshold at which the sound will be let through when reached. Gates can come in outboard or onboard formats, and once again can be useful as onboard equipment because visual representation can be a feature on higher end desks. A more advanced feature on some gates is ‘side-chain’, this means the gate can be control by things such as Eq, so instead of just a volume threshold, the gate can be worked by a certain frequency (e. g. for feedback). [4] Compressors are also very important pieces of equipment in a live sound set up. It is essential for controlling sounds, tightening them up and making them more ‘punchy’. Compression can also be used to make sounds louder, bringing up the quieter parts of the sound and raising it as a whole to make it more useable in a mix (this could be useful on quieter instruments such as ? utes). Another example of this type of compression being useful is in vocals, most vocalist, however experienced, have unexpected jumps of volume in their singing, so compression is pretty much the only way to deal with this. Compressors work in a similar way to gates. They have a threshold which sets the level above which the compression takes effect. The ratio tells the compressor how abruptly it will work (if a compressor is above around 15:1 it becomes a limiter), and it features attack and release functions, to dictate how fast the compressor will work and how quickly it will cease to have an effect. Also, more advanced compressors again feature sidechain functions. Microphones There are many kinds of microphones used in audio engineering. In live, those mics which are robust and durable are generally favoured for obvious reasons. The type of microphones that are used in live work are mostly dynamic mics. The two main reasons for this is because they posses the durability previously mentioned (the other main type, condenser mics, are quite delicate and can be damaged easily if for instance they are used on a tour) and because they have a very directional quality, perfect for close micing which is used for the most part in live as the engineer is usually dealing with micing guitar amps, kick/snare drums and of course vocals. Condenser mics are used, but only when needs be, such as with drum overhead micing, where a bigger audio spread is needed. Mics with switchable polar patterns are also desirable in live sound work. An example of this is using a ? gure of 8 pattern, if two vocalists were using the same microphone, this pattern is equally sensitive at the front and back of the mic. â€Å"A mics response pattern changes as soon as someone picks it up, even if it’s designed to be handheld. . † ‘live sound manual’ Speaker Systems The speakers are the face of a PA system, they are ? nal part in puzzle that is live sound. This means they have to be of a high quality, carefully matched to the power amps to create the best sound for the audience. A speaker can be broken down into individual parts. The cabinet, which encloses the speaker as a whole, this can be shaped to emit the sound in a certain ways, usually to put out the best sound of course! These cabs, like the microphones used in live are built very solidly. This shows a vast difference to their studio equivalents, which are often catered much more towards being aesthetically pleasing or compact. Inside this casing lies the heart of the speaker, usually referred to as the drive-unit. [5] A drive unit, or driver, is a transducer like that found in a microphone, but with the difference that it works in reverse, this means it takes electrical currents and transforms it into sound waves. Like in microphones, the most commonly used transducer using moving coil principles (just like dynamic mics! ), this is again because they are the most reliable and economic. The diaphragm in a speaker is what the coil connects to, it used usually made from a paper pulp and vibrates when the signal is passed through it. Most speakers contain two of these diaphragms, both held lightly in place by a metal chassis. One for bass frequencies (which takes its name from this ‘chassis’) and another for the higher range, referred to as ‘tweeters’, these tweeters require a light but ? rmer cone. Basically, bass frequencies equals more vibration, which equals a bigger cone needed to cope with this. The driver units are the real ‘worker’ parts of the PA system. For most systems, a singular driver unit can cover a chunk of audible range, around 3 octaves worth. Most high quality sound systems use multiple drivers to cover the 10 to 12 octaves that are present in human hearing, these are divided up by means of a ‘crossover’. FOR MANY ARTISTS AUDIENCE MEMBERS, THE SPEAKER CABS ARE THE PA! † ‘live sound manual’ Common techniques practices Voicing the PA Before the band or act arrives to soundcheck, a common practice is to make sure the PA sound good on its own, this is known as ‘voicing’ the PA. This is generally done by playing a song (it helps if you know it well! ) and blast it out through the speakers to make sure is sounds correct. This is a good way of sorting out the FOH sound even before the audio signals are put in place, and can be used to identify problem frequencies in the room. This way, when the band is in place, any problems that are occurring are more likely to be a problem with the sound behind the PA, such as mic positions. Pinking the room Pinking is the process in which live sound engineers blast ‘pink noise’ through the PA system at a high volume level. Whilst the well known ‘white noise’ is a concoction of every frequency, its pink equivalent is a blast of random frequencies. This helps to identify problem frequencies in the pre-sound check. RT60 management RT60 is a reference to how long the reverb takes to decay below 60 decibels. For RT60 management in live sound, a loud noise is produced and the RT60 time calculated. This helps the engineers ? gure out how much natural reverb is present in the room, and therefore how much arti? cial reverb to add later. Inverse square law Testing this process is much more relevant when mixing at bigger venues. The inverse square law states that a quantities size is directly proportional to the distance it has travelled. This helps to decipher how loud the PA should be, depending on how far the sound has to travel. Mic placement Mic placement is important as a practice, it helps to improve the mix and save time! Many live engineers spend ours Eq’ing channels during soundcheck, when the simplest solution could be to spend more time on getting the best direct sound with placing the mic on the sound source. Avoiding monitor feedback As mentioned earlier, because the on stage monitors are very near to, or have microphones pointing at them regularly, there is a tendency for feedback to occur. Therefore careful Eq using a graphic or ideally a parametric eq, to identify the problem frequencies in the monitor mix before working on the FOH sound. [6]

Scholarship Essay Ending Sample - Tools That Will Help Your Essay Write Better

Scholarship Essay Ending Sample - Tools That Will Help Your Essay Write BetterIf you have been on the hunt for scholarship essay ending samples then you will be pleased to know that there are many resources out there that can help you get your essays written and polished. You do not have to worry about plagiarism because these writers use templates or ideas that are already in place.There are those who say that academic writing is not a skill that can be learned. While this may be true, there are many ways to improve your writing skills. Here are some of the techniques that you can use to boost your essay writing:If you want to polish up your academic writing skills, you must first get a feel for the style of writing you are doing. Many times students begin their academic writing by following the same template which is then followed by other students. You may notice a pattern in the way the writer uses the sentence structure. The great news is that you can apply the same principles t o the academic writing you want to write.Just because you have come across a few different academic styles does not mean that you need to be trying to write your own. There are several scholarship essay ending samples that use the very same concept that you can use in your essays.Once you feel confident enough to try your hand at a different style of essay writing, you will find that you will develop an ability to write with a unique twist. This means that you will not only be able to write well but also be able to craft your own sentences.Be sure to not copy someone else's work too closely though. Just as it is important to have a unique idea, it is equally important to not duplicate someone else's work. If you look through some of the scholarship essay ending samples you will find that they are written so differently than your average essay that it is difficult to tell exactly what it is that you are copying.Even if you are not finding a lot of differences between your idea and so meone else's writing, the fact is that it is important to sample some form of essay writing. It will give you an idea of what your essay should look like and it will give you the idea of what essay writing should look like.For those who are wanting to know how to polish up your scholarship essay, there are a few tools that you can utilize. With a little time and some practice, you will find that you have the ability to write as well as any other academic writer.

Evolution of the Human Heart into Four Chambers

Evolution of the Human Heart into Four Chambers The human heart does not look much like those Valentines Day candies or the pictures we drew on our love notes when we were in elementary school. The current human heart is a large muscular organ with four chambers, a septum, several valves, and other various parts necessary for pumping blood all around the human body. However, this amazing organ is a product of evolution and has spent millions of years perfecting itself in order to keep humans alive. Invertebrate Hearts Invertebrate animals have very simple circulatory systems. Many do not have a heart or blood because they are not complex enough to need a way to get nutrients to their body cells. Their cells are able to just absorb nutrients through their skin or from other cells. As the invertebrates become a little more complex, they use an open circulatory system. This type of circulatory system does not have any blood vessels or has very few. The blood is pumped throughout the tissues and filters back to the pumping mechanism. Like in earthworms, this type of circulatory system does not use an actual heart. It has one or more small muscular areas capable of contracting and pushing the blood and then reabsorbing it as it filters back. However, these muscular regions were the precursors to our complex human heart. Fish Hearts Of the vertebrates, fish have the simplest type of heart. While it is a closed circulatory system, it has only two chambers. The top is called the atrium and the bottom chamber is called the ventricle. It has only one large vessel that feeds the blood into the gills to get oxygen and then transports it around the fishs body. Frog Hearts It is thought that while fish only lived in the oceans, amphibians like the frog were the link between water-dwelling animals and the newer land animals that evolved. Logically, it follows that frogs would, therefore, have a more complex heart than fish since they are higher on the evolutionary chain. In fact, frogs have a three-chambered heart. Frogs evolved to have two atria instead of one, but still only have one ventricle. The separation of the atria allows frogs to keep the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate as they come into the heart. The single ventricle is very large and very muscular so it can pump the oxygenated blood throughout the various blood vessels in the body. Turtle Hearts The next step up on the evolutionary ladder is the reptiles. It was recently discovered that some reptiles, like turtles, actually have a heart that has a sort of a three and a half chambered heart. There is a small septum that goes about halfway down the ventricle. The blood is still able to mix in the ventricle, but the timing of the pumping of the ventricle minimizes that mixing of the blood. Human Hearts The human heart, along with the rest of the mammals, is the most complex having four chambers. The human heart has a fully formed septum that separates both the atria and the ventricles. The atria sit on top of the ventricles. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood coming back from various parts of the body. That blood is then let into the right ventricle which pumps the blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. The blood gets oxygenated and then returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins. The oxygenated blood then goes into the left ventricle and is pumped out to the body through the largest artery in the body, the aorta. This complex, but efficient, way of getting oxygen and nutrients to body tissues took billions of years to evolve and perfect.

Two-Letter Words in Spanish

Two-Letter Words in Spanish If youve played Scrabble or similar games, you know how handy two-letter words can be. Thats true in Spanish versions of Scrabble as well as online games such as Apalabrados (Angry Words) and Wordfeud too. Following is a list of the two-letter words of Spanish that are listed in the Spanish Royal Academys dictionary, along with definitions and links to relevant articles and lessons. The list may not coincide with words that are legal to use in a specific game. Not all possible definitions are given. Words containing the combinations of ch and ll are also included here, as they used to be recognized as separate letters of the Spanish alphabet and are still treated as such in some games. ad - Word used in Latin phrases such as ad hoc ah - Interjection used to express sympathy and other emotions, sometimes similarly to ah aj - ailment (seldom used, and then usually in the plural) al - contraction of a el ar - interjection used in the military to order the immediate execution of a movement as - ace ax - ouch (antiquated) ay - ouch, oh be - the letter b bu - boo ca - a synonym for porque (antiquated) ce - the letter c cu - the letter q da - a conjugated form of dar de - of, from di - a conjugated form of dar do - do (first note of the musical scale) ea - interjection of encouragement or resolution eh - interjection used to get attention el - the masculine singular definite article en - in, on es - conjugated form of ser et - and (antiquated) ex - former fa - fa fe - faith fo - exclamation indicating displeasure or disgust fu - snort ge - the letter g ha - conjugated form of haber he - conjugated form of haber hi - shortened form of hijo (son) used in some expressions (antiquated) id - conjugated form of ir in - Word used in Latin phrases such as in promptu ir - to go ja - ha je - ha ji - ha; 22nd letter of the Greek alphabet ju - ha la - the feminine singular definite article le - a third-person object pronoun lo - a word of various uses as a pronoun or neuter definite article lle - variation of le (antiquated) me - me mi - my mu - moo na - contraction for en la (antiquated) ne - synonym for ni (antiquated) ni - nor no - no, not à ±a - shortened form of seà ±ora (antiquated) à ±o - shortened form of seà ±or (antiquated) à ±u - gnu oa - a Honduran childrens game oc - Occitan (a language related to Catalan) oh - oh os - the plural familiar second-person pronoun ox - interjection used to frighten birds and other animals pe - the letter p pi - pi pu - variation of puf (interjection used as a reaction to a bad smell) re - re (second note of the musical scale) ro - interjection, usually repeated, used in calming children se - the third-person reflexive pronoun so - under (rarely used); variation of su (antiquated); whoa su - his, her, your ta - interjection imitating a knock on a door te - you (as the second-person singular object pronoun) to - interjection used for calling dogs; whoa tu - second-person familiar singular possessive adjective (the pronoun form is tà º, although most games dont distinguish between accented and unaccented vowels) uf - whew, yuck uh - interjection of hesitation or disdain un - a, an, one va - conjugated form of ir ve - conjugated form of ver vi - conjugated form of ver xi - 14th letter of the Greek alphabet ya - adverb of vague meaning often used to add emphasis ye - the letter y yo - I (first-person singular subject pronoun)

The Capital Budget Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Capital Budget - Research Paper Example Furthermore, better compensation increases the employee morale, generally, given that the increase is awarded in an equitable manner. In other words, employee morale is boosted if the increase in compensation is awarded in respect to the level of productivity of individual employees rather than granting a blanket increment Figure 1: Projected increase in Revenue to to increase in compensation Trend Analysis As shown in figure 2, annual expenditure has been greater than revenues for the past several years until 2002 when an opposite trend was observed. Generally, the expenditure has been declining since 2008. This rate of decline has been most drastic from 2011, but the management seems to be effectively controlling the operating expenses because the gap between revenues and expenditure seems to be closing up. It is very important for the management to ensure that as the cost declines, good measures should be put to ensure that the contribution margin does not decline as well (City of Cincinnati Ohio, 2012). 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Expenditure 365,000,000 356,000,000 356,000,000 354,000,000 334,000,000 Revenue 357,500,000 338,500,000 337,000,000 337,000,000 337,000,000 Table 1: Expenditure trend Figure 2: Expenditure Trend Expenditure Forecast The health expenditure, which finances the services by the city’s health clinics to those patients that are qualifying has been declining since 2010 and it is expected to maintain a slight decline to 2017. This cost should be approached because, although it consumes a substantial proportion of the council’s budget, health services are very fundamental and furthermore the decline shows that the council has been undertaking a cost cutting measure (City of Cincinnati Ohio, 2012). 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Health 23,574,570 19,450,210 20,128,510 19,256,458 19,126,895 19,100,568 18,458,000 18,456,123 Fire 92,832,430 98,662,160 94,358,450 93,125,145 92,125,256 92,125,365 91,125,458 90,125,456 Public servivce 22,291,010 20,015,980 19,963,240 19,256,125 18,125,456 18,125,100 17,124,896 17,100,125 police 139,110,860 146,175,220 132,888,620 135,568,456 125,456,256 120,124,562 119,136,100 118,256,362 Figure 2: Four of the highest expenditure (5 years forecast) The fire expenditure seems to be consuming a very big proportion of the council’s budget, however, this expenditure has reduced since 2010 and the forecast exhibits the same trend of reduction. Therefore, this budget will be approved. Public services have a trend very similar with health and the cost cutting measures are evident, therefore, it is likely to be approved. Finally, the police takes the highest share of the council’s budget. Given that security is very essential as it determines the success of all other activities, the high budget is justifiable. It is also evident that this figure has been on the decline since 2012 and there it is likely to be approved (Weiss & Mark, 1989). Capital Budget There are t wo methods of predicting the cost of needed repairs including qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative forecasting methods make use of judgements to predict cost. This method is most suitable when used in situations where the historical data is not available. Furthermore, availability of historical data is sometimes considered irrelevant because of significant changes that take place in the environmental conditions afflicting the pertinent time. For instance, it

Single Soldiers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Single Soldiers - Essay Example The truth is that single soldiers make up more than a third of the United States’ army (BOSS site). These soldiers are fighting machines, dedicated to god and country. Nevertheless it helps them to have support at home and not to be all alone. The Army has recognized this, creating Better Opportunities for Single Soldiers (BOSS). According to its website: BOSS provides an avenue for single Soldiers to surface issues and to take part in activities but does not set policy and other guidance on issues. BOSS is intended to enhance command authority, prerogative, and responsibility in maintaining standards of conduct, good order, and discipline, not to dilute. This is an excellent first step in recognizing the problems faced by single soldiers. Drawing such people together into a cohesive unit in order to address their quality of life issues and their morale is a key development in the history of the evolution of the army. These individuals, often young, need sustenance. The Army can provide this too. There are other unique challenges faced by the single soldiers. The benefit structure the army provides is geared towards soldiers with families. This is true of other armies around the world. An excellent example was recently reported in Canada. Canada may have a much smaller standing army than the United States, but there too the problem of single soldiers has surfaced in a public and contentious manner. The families of four unmarried soldiers that were killed in Afghanistan stepped forward recently to file human-rights complaints in that country. They say that the government discriminated in favour of married troops by paying a $250,000 death benefit. According to the Canadian Press: A federal human-rights tribunal rejected the complaint of Lincoln and Laurie Dinning because Veterans Affairs abruptly decided to recognize their sons girlfriend as his common-law spouse,